//	Simple JAVA Stdin function class
//
//	Simple methods for reading from standard system input from the console.
//	These methods will pause and wait for input until ENTER is pressed.
//	The data is converted to the proper type and returned to the caller.
//
//	A method is provided for each of the data types:
//		int, float, double, char, Number and String
//	The methods assume that each input value is terminated by a newline.
//
//	If incorrect input is entered, a value of 0 or '\n' is returned, as applicable.
//
//	Author history:
//		1998 Fall	Charlie Clarke - original inception
//		1999 Spring	Guy Lemieux    - cleanup, restructured code, added a few methods
//		1999 Fall	Anthony Cox    - made Reader variables static to permit piping input
//	Our latest email addresses or home pages are readily found using
//	standard web search engines.
//
//	Please feel free to use this code for your own Java programs,
//	but we would appreciate it if you retain the credit to our names
// 	below.  This way, you are acknowledging the true source of your
//	code, and it will allow others to get the latest version from us.
//
//	Thank you.
//

import java.io.*;
import java.text.*;

public class Stdin
{

	static InputStreamReader converter = new InputStreamReader (System.in);
	static BufferedReader		in = new BufferedReader (converter);

	// Read a String from standard system input
	public static String getString() {
		try {
			return in.readLine();
		} catch( Exception e ) {
			System.out.println("getString() exception, returning empty string");
			return "";
		}
	}

	// Read a char from standard system input
	public static char getChar() {
		String s = getString();
		if( s.length() >= 1 )
			return s.charAt(0);
		else
			return '\n';
	}

	// Read a Number as a String from standard system input
	// Return the Number
	public static Number getNumber() {
		String numberString = getString();
		try {
			numberString = numberString.trim().toUpperCase();
			return NumberFormat.getInstance().parse( numberString );
		} catch( Exception e ) {
			// if any exception occurs, just give a 0 back
			System.out.println("getNumber() exception, returning 0");
			return new Integer( 0 );
		}
	}

	// Read an integer from standard system input
	public static int getInt() {
			return getNumber().intValue();
	}

	// Read a float from standard system input
	public static float getFloat() {
			return getNumber().floatValue();
	}

	// Read a double from standard system input
	public static double getDouble() {
			return getNumber().doubleValue();
	}

}