//  Simple methods for reading from standard system input.
//
//  A method is provided for each of the data types:
//    int, float, double, char and String
//  The methods assume that each input value is terminated by a newline.

import java.io.*;
import java.text.*;

public class Stdin {

  // Read a String from standard system input
  public static String getString() {
    InputStreamReader converter = new InputStreamReader (System.in);
    BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader (converter);
    try {
      return in.readLine();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      return "";
    }
  }

  // Read a Number as a String from standard system input
  // Return the Number
  public static Number getNumber() {
    String numberString = getString();
    try {
      numberString = numberString.trim().toUpperCase();
      return NumberFormat.getInstance().parse( numberString );
    } catch (Exception e) {
      // if any exception occurs, just give a 0 back
      return new Integer( 0 );
    }
  }

  // Read an integer from standard system input
  public static int getInt() {
      return getNumber().intValue();
  }

  // Read a float from standard system input
  public static float getFloat() {
      return getNumber().floatValue();
  }

  // Read a double from standard system input
  public static double getDouble() {
      return getNumber().doubleValue();
  }

  // Read a char from standard system input
  public static char getChar() {
    String s = getString();
    if (s.length () >= 1)
      return s.charAt (0);
    else
      return '\n';
  }

}